Enterprise Architecture Justification Paper Va Dmv

Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles Enterprise Architecture Justification Paper Case Study Written by: June 14, 2000 IFSM 311 Professor To consider what enterprise architecture means, it is important to understand its origin. All architecture within information technology can track its ancestry back to the lessons learned from building architecture. Enterprise Architecture is the description and visualization of the structure, a blueprint if you will, of a given area of contemplation, its elements and their collaborations and interrelations links vision, strategy and feasibility, focusing on usability durability and effectiveness. Architecture enables construction, defining principles, rules, standards and guidelines,†¦show more content†¦More advantages of having an enterprise architecture include improved decision making, improved adaptability to changing demands or market conditions, elimination of inefficient and redundant processes, optimization of the use of organizational assets, and minimization of employee turnover (Rouse, 2015). The cost-savings, business improvement, new customer segments and majo r new competitive strategies can bring significant return on investment (ROI) utilizing the enterprise architecture program. The strategic planning process which converts a business vision and strategy into an effective enterprise change is the goal of enterprise architecture program (McGovern, Ambler, Stevens, Linn, 2004). The Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) Customer-centric, Service Oriented, State-of-the-art, Secure, Intelligent (CSI) systems redesign project would benefit from the application and use of an enterprise architecture program. The enterprise architecture team will work with many stakeholders within the DMV organization to outline the goals of the organization in terms of requirements, values, and ideal solutions that will help reach their objectives. The blueprinted solution needs to be customer focused and service oriented while addressing all of the DMV CSI redesign properties which includes system security, and state-of-the-art methods to support the new processes. Some more applicable benefits of having an Enterprise

Antigone s Actions Cause A Political Change - 1294 Words

It is often supposed that Antigone’s actions cause a political change in the government; Creon will become a new and improved leader after the tragedies he had to suffer through. While some may argue that Antigone’s actions cause a political change in the government, ultimately there is no revolution because the leader never changes. After seeing his wife dead, Creon says, â€Å"I killed her, I can own no alibi: The guilt is wholly mine† (Sophocles 28). This quote shows how guilty Creon feels about the deaths of his family members as he feels that he caused their deaths. Many may say that because of his guilt, Creon will now become a new and improved leader, which is a political change relating to a revolution. While it is true that Creon may†¦show more content†¦The first and second estate were rich and did not pay taxes whereas the 3rd estate, which consisted of the bourgeoisie and peasants , had to pay taxes. At the Estates General, the voting was ver y unfair because the 1st and 2nd estate always agreed on the same ideas, leaving the ratio of the votes always in a 2:1 ratio since each estate got one vote. This created no change in the government since the disadvantaged group (3rd estate) never got any improvements in their lives. The lives of the 1st and 2nd estate remained the same. Taken together, there are no political changes in Antigone as well as in France during the 1800’s. It is often imagined that Antigone’s actions cause a social change in the society of Thebes; the citizens of Thebes are against Creon’s ideas and side with Antigone. While some may believe that Antigone’s actions cause a social change in the society, ultimately there is no revolution because no one else besides Antigone and her fiancà ©, Haemon directly stand up to Creon. When Haemon is talking to his father, Creon, he says â€Å"I would not dream of criticizing yours or saying you were wrong, even if I could. But oth er men can reason rightly†(Sophocles 15). This shows how other men in the city of Thebes side with Haemon and think Creon’s punishment for Antigone is wrong. Many may say that because other citizens side with Antigone, there is a social change. While it is true that there are several citizens who side with Antigone, ultimately there

Brutality of The Societal System Of United States

Question: Discuss about the Uncovered The Brutality of The Societal System Of United States? Answer: Introduction Education is the building block of a childs nature and behaviour that is influenced by the immediate environment of that child. When a child is growing in a school then he or she takes lot of lesson that are related with his or her study, individual behavior and social behavior. This paper is a brief comparison of my experience with the experience of Jonathan Kozol during ours school time. Discussion Jonathon Kozol is an advocate who is tirelessly fighting for the civil rights in education or last five decades. From his experience during the activity of civil right for education, Kozol wrote the book Savage Inequalities that uncovers the fact of educational system in United States. In Savage Inequalities Kozol has shared his experience during the visit of a public school in the city of East St. Louis, the poorest city in America (Kozol, 2012). It was virtually a city of black people with no facility. The school in the city was also a victim of the government ignorance that was highly evident. The school in that city was out of every primary facility such as students had no books to read, windows have no glass, no light was there and sewage was overflowing in the class. According to the theoretical perspective of the book Schools and Society every public has, the same right to get the primary facility, even all the students within the school are eligible for the same treatment from the teachers and administration (Ballantine Spade, 2001). If administration and tutor of the school is segregating the students according to race and poverty while treating them, then it becomes inherent within the students. This mentality is poisonous for the society that may lead to social riot in the future. If we compare our school, which is Highland Park Senior High School then it will show a different scenario. In our school, all the primary facilities was available for the student such as study books, good class environment and good ratio of student and teacher that helps all of us to grow in life. However, if we consider the poverty level among the student then there was a clear segregation among the student that was created by the administration (Logan et al., 2012). This type of segregation was not intended because it always divides friends at that stage of life and students start to learn that white people of the rich people will get the best facility. This type of social division should not be there in the school whereas according to the Kozol it is better to provide same treatment in the public school for every student however government could provide tax benefit to the poor people so that future generation of the country get the right education (Curtis Jackson, 2013). Conclusion From this essay it can be summarized that the name of the book was justified that Uncovered The Brutality Of The Societal System Of United States. Childs of America was also the victim of that discrimination where upper class school students gets all the facilities to grow in their life whereas the lower class students struggle to survive in their life. References Kozol, J. (2012).Savage inequalities: Children in America's schools. Broadway Books. Logan, J. R., Minca, E., Adar, S. (2012). The Geography of Inequality Why Separate Means Unequal in American Public Schools.Sociology of education,85(3), 287-301. Curtis, R. F., Jackson, E. F. (2013).Inequality in American communities. Elsevier. Ballantine, J. H., Spade, J. Z. (2001). Schools and society.Belmont: Wadsworth.

Medical Confidentiality Essay-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Critically consider whether the law and guidance regarding Medical Confidentiality provide clear advice regarding the circumstances which will justify a clinician to disclose Confidential Information without consent from an adult patient with capacity. Answer: Introduction The aspect of medical confidentiality is the act of trustworthiness among the medical practitioners with persons seeking medical attention. The moral reasoning behind this is consequentialist motive; which seeks to uplift the state of the patient. Over the recent past there has been a huge campaign move aimed at improving protection of confidential information which is necessary in public health arena. The medical practitioners have been practising what is referred to as the principle of Hippocratic Oath which is regularly updated by the international community and assented in the Geneva Declaration, (Steven, 2005). Currently the precept of building of trust is a critical aspect in the current arenaof medicine. There are instances where there is need for breach of this idealism. Critical scenarios have shown the need when there is breach for disclosure with regard to consent, disclosures required by law and for public interest consumption, (Sankar et al 2003). Confidentiality Health care confidentiality entails practice and refer to the access of records of the patient and the link created that holds confidential details of the patient and the medical practitioner. With its roots in patient provider confidentiality, as traced back in fourth century of BC under the oath of Hippocrates, it has been laid as a foundational aspect in medical practice, (McWay, 2010). Confidentiality recognition by law states that it is kept among two parties of interest manner with the physician and patient, Brodnik, Rinehart-Thompson, Reynolds, 2012). Hospital patients , expect confidential relay of information in the relationships engagement in the facility . Creation of trust worthy environment through respect to patients privacy is essential in encouraging the patients to seek medical attention and to be honest with each other. It increases the patient willingness to access care. The obligation that underlies the health care provider from disclosure of medical information is concerned with the case of the patient. Appreciate care ensures that such medical information may be discussed among medical professional team members, and that all team members in the health set up are entitled to access to patient medical attention and have the right and obligation to protect them. Electronic medical record have seen a challenge in the past in aspect of confidentiality, however in accordance with Health Information Portability and Accountability Act of 1997, it requires health institutions to make polices which are in line to protect them and the privacy of the patients electronic information, (Luo, 2006). At times, family members demand to know the confidential information of the kins. Physicians at these scenarios often feel naturally inclined to provide this information. These instances include when spouses may need to be revealed privileged information, and it may not be explicit that such information may not be shared when the patient has not consented to such agreements. However this can be done in instances when the patient is at risks of harm which relates directly to diagnosis, (Washington, 2010). Other unintended disclosures can be made, and it occurs in variety of ways. A case example is when medical practitioners can disclose the medical patient confidentiality in elevator ways with their colleagues or any other public places, thus maintenance may not be guaranteed in these places. Identifiable patient information should thus be encrypted which ensures that patient information is protected. Principles of principles of privacy medical information Confidential information between the physician and patient has been an essential component in flow of information which is essential in medical information. Patients divulge this information in a setting they can trust and share the private feelings. The American Academy of Family Physicians provides the essential support to all electronic information within the context of medical arena. The AAFP understands the need of protecting patient information, and the protection of patient information has been protected in patient privacy. Data sharing in medical practice for patients prioritizes the confidentiality of patients. Thus AAFP allows for greater recognition of standards principles regarding privacy information, (Langheinrich, 2001). Outlined principles of medical information entail; Privacy rights as a fundamental and key Information pertaining medical field being accessed by the health practitioners should be treated as private Patients have the right to access their medical records and allowed opportunity for addition of other beneficial information The privacy of the adolescence should be safeguarded. This conform with the parents objectives where they should have unrestricted access to medical information of minors. And thus confidentiality must be ensured in areas where adolescent s can have legal right to provide consent information Medical information sharing may have the legitimate purposes outside the setting of physician/patient relation like billing, improvement, quality assurance and other aspects. Disclosures of medical information should be limited to information which are essential in conducting legal medical audits and records In policy exemptions which gives permission to give medical patient information in line with applicable law. In policy exceptions arena, medical records released within applicable law can apply to Giving medical information to another physician through consultation purposes in connection with treatment Compelling circumstances affecting health and safety Respect to court orders that requires medical practitioners to provide medical information to enforcement agency or legal authority Finally electronic medical information must be protected with appropriate safeguards such as encryption, verification methods General attributes of information regarded as confidential Underpinning values of confidentiality need to be enshrined in common law. Often confidence perspectives is relevant when the persons share the information obtained with other unauthorised persons either in medical field such as doctors or other authorised persons. Engaging in breaching of medical confidentiality ensures that enforcement of legal duty to protect such information. Medical institutions over the past have excising little mitigation with regard to breaching patient confidentiality aspect. A case example in UK, has seen that up to date, no criminal conviction has been undertaken among the health care practitioners breaching or breaking patient confidentiality protocol. However civil claims have been instated and damages granted, like in the case of Cornellius v Taranto, [2001] 68 BMR 62). Essentially medical information have the adequate confidence attributes, have the application in imparting surrounding events on aspects of confidence , disclosure lacking access and damage of the person relaying it, information not available in public arena and in the wider population interest . Confidentiality has often been through to be an ethical issue but it couples up to be legal obligation. Employed health care workers have the right to protect the confidentiality of patient information. The practice of common law is the core duty to preserve the professional confidence, (WMA, 2001). Most governments constitutions worldwide provide for right to privacy among the clients, further it is supported by ethical guides which state that practitioners have the right to protect the information of any patient. The obligation of confidentiality goes beyond the undertaking of divulging confidential information. It provides the responsibility to ensure that records contain patient information be kept secured at all times. Confidential records should be kept in places where there is limited access to other un authorized persons. Thus patient information should be kept confidential and be used for the un intended purposes only. Hence patients have the right that information regarding their status is kept secretive as much as possible. Centrality is central in trust among patients, and that assurances may give the patients the right opportunity or reluctance to provide information to the practitioners. When disclosure is needed beyond the medical arena, medical professionals ought to seek permission from the patients. Breaching of patient confidentiality Un- intended breaches of patient confidentiality are always practiced in wards and often when medical records are left visible to other persons and when preoperative assessments are left in open environment where it can be accessed. With the increased use of computerized documentation process, it has yielded faster documentation of results and wider distribution of information which further can lead to increased risk of unauthorized access, (Nissenbaum, 2004). These unintended breaches have been observed in cases when there is emailing practices among colleagues. Data encryption protocols for emails must be used by both those concerned with the senders and recipients. Confidential information on personal computers needs to be encrypted so as to assure for patient confidentiality protocols, (Plantinga et al., 2003). Confidential documents for patients such as theater lists, need to be discarded through paper shredding and computer disposal of computer formats. Aspects for photo shooting and video embeded records which form the data of the patients need to be passed on various tests and storage equipments, thus its access should follow strict compliances of data and confidential information protection, (Harper et al 2001). Health professionals thus should be keen and being keen ti posses risks in advent which breaks the social sites which include face book, internet avenues and through passing and communicating professionally. The duty to provide security to the patient and gurantee confidentiality extends also Libela laws that are applicable. The usage of internet based sites have shown that there is need to be mindful not to disclose medical information. Data protection laws have been passed in various countries including US and UK, financial implications have been set in instances where such institutions negate the duty of protecting patient information. The principles which lays the foundation for non disclosure of medical information underlies patient consent, statutory obligation and those that weighs the public interests visavis privates concerns. Instances where patient confidentiality can be breached There are exceptional instances when the overriding concerns exceed the breach of confidentiality among health care professionals. The following two scenarios are exceptional cases where concerns of confidentiality are breached; Case Exception 1: concern for safety of other people Granted access to medical records and information by other persons lets say third parties are legally no allowed. Health care professionals have the right of duty to protect individuals and to protect them from serious and credible threat and they had the information that could have minimized the harm. In this case scenario the determining aspect is good judgment to assess whether specific persons are really in great danger according to the medical information provided. A clear example is homicidal ideation, whereby a patient shares specific plan to cause harm to a particular individual. The above context can be explained by a US based case example in the state of California with regard to Tarasoff case. This example shows the challenges health care and medical practitioners often face in protecting confidentiality. A graduated student disclosed to the counselor of the University of Berkley that he intended to obtain a gun and shoot Tatiana Tarsoof. The psychologist found the threat of importance and credible and was faced with the obligation of maintaining confidentiality and warning the individual from the imminent harm. He took the step of informing the campus police. The police warned the student but failed to warn the victim. The student later turned on his prey and stabbed him to death. The parents of the victim moved to court to sue the police and the psychologist for the imminent failure to warn the victim. The court in this case ruled that the discharged of duty required the psychologist to take more steps, through warning the victim and to notify the police and take the reasonable steps under the situational circumstances, ((Ref. Tarasoff case, Beyer, 2000, Merton, 1982) The ruling implied that the duty of warning third parties overrides the duty of confidentiality to protect the patient confidentiality; however the determination of such severity of the case is usually complicated. This case has been used in medical law practice in the essence of the duty of the health care practitioner to warn innocent victim of harm which overrides the duty of confidentiality, (APA,2014). Case exception 2 ; Legal framework for reporting certain confidential reports an d circumstances Most state laws of various countries dictates that reporting of certain infectious and communicable disease be reported to public health authorities. In this instance duty to protect public interest outweighs individual confidential. Diseases such as measles, rabies, botunilism sexually transmitted diseases and tuberculosis cases have to be disclosed so as mitigate measures can be adopted to prevent more harm and injury, (NHS, 2010). Tests for breach of confidentiality Often at times medical practitioners face instances where ethical or legal excerptions scenarios exists which can put another person or group of individuals at risks, then breach of confidentiality can be breached . in high risks cases, breach f confidentiality is warranted. Statutory disclosure and judicial process At times the information being held by medical practitioners can be essential in law proceedings, this act of disclosure will not however amount to disclosure. A court of law can thus order for this purpose. It is paramount further to note that a court of law can penalize a doctor for court contempt if he/she fails to provide necessary assistance to give the police wrong information, (Jackson, 2011). An example is when a patient can be admitted in the intensive care unit placed under intubation and ventilation and a police officer request blood samples for forensic examination, the ethical dilemma in the case is whether you would provide the samples since the patient can give the consent at the state he/she is in. thus if the samples is directed to clinical management then it would not be delayed. The samples results however cannot be used in courts of law unless an order of the court is provided requesting or the medical professional concern is satisfied that it is essential for public safety concerns. Further if a request is made by forensic officer, a medical officer can warrant the submission of patient sample so long us it doesnt interrupt the medical regime being undertaken. The police request in the case of forensic practitioner should have request note which will be filled in medical records confirming the rationale for request. However the medical practitioner refusal of samples taken on the grounds of consent is a hindrance in police investigation and you can be judged for guilty of an offence. Prevention of crime Police are provided with an opportunity to prevent crime. For them to move with speed state laws have provided them access to materials which are considered classified information. This information can include medical records, provided that such request has been made through a court of law, (Cappeli, 2012). Such disclosure of confidential information is warranted when national security is at risks or any terrorism suspicion. Further in US terrorism Act of 2006, gives the health care practitioners rights to inform or provide any information to the police who may help in preventing crime or apprehending criminals, (Knepper et al., 2016). At times disclosures can be made to public interest in a bid to prevent or detect crime, however in this case, the courts play crucial role in determining the subjective and objective context of such scenarios. Wide variation of interpretation between the interest of the public and the general interest of the public, thus a court of law will play a crucial role in establishing which course justifies public interest with regard to confidentiality, (Zacharius, 1988). Public safety and health In countries such as UK, statutory obligations have been established on the framework of how doctors could disclose crcuail information based on the . In US there is prima facie duty to break privacy protocal and warn a victim identified if there is harm to be inflicted, (Tarassoff v The Regents of the University of California [1976] 17 Cal 3d 358). Further in Briatin, there is evidence of greater magnitude required by doctors, which they may be not observant to open up confidential information which can lead to increased risk of potential harm, (W v Edgell [1990] 1 All ER 835). As far as the medical practitioner acts responsibly, dont assume the risks and the action geared to the patient and of the public at large then they will be less likely to be found negligent. Motivation to offer protection to others relies on sufficient legal proximity of the involved individuals. Hence unless there is a clearly identifiable individual at risks, then there is minimal chance to warn and thus disclosure of confidential information. Public health concern is the overall goal and aim of health care, and there are instances which permit disclosure of confidential information outweighs the benefits of confidentiality of an individual. Historically it has been the norm of medical practitioners to provide statistical data through regular reporting of communicable disease data. HIV being notable and indisputable infections can be linked to criminal prosecutions in reckless transmissions and it remains a sticky issue in disclosure partly due to the perceived sigma associated, (Oberle Hughes, 2001). The practice of ethics and confidence when a patient death. Personal data of patients are often available in the form of certificate of death; however the inclusion of HIV/AIDS on the certification may be provocative. Medical practitioners need to ensure that there is always honest and full disclosure of information. Information pertaining threatening communicable disease need to be relayed to the concern offices for action, (Zhu et al., 2004). Medical records access and availability The critical duty of confidentiality is extended beyond the medical practitioners to the organizational levels pertaining health records. Limited information should be provided to persons of interest such as the solicitors. Health information in public and private bodies should not be made accessed to everybody to gain access on personal information of the patients. Public interest cannot be a justifiable reason for breaking confidentiality protocol. Disclosures are permitted when there is reason criminal activity is being undertaken. Highest level of diligence should be observed when media is used to highlight concerns of the patient, when such actions lead to harmful effects on the patient or their close associates, (Langheinich, 2001). Conclusion Laws and guidelines are samples of how considerations in health care practice should be geared towards confidentiality, privacy and security. Medical health practitioners are thus uniquely identified as health information care takers with respect to confidentiality, privacy and security of patient information. Thus medical practitioners have the responsibility of respecting information. The patients expect privacy of the rights with regard to their own information; however there is need to understand where there is a need for such information to be disclosed. Thus in medical arena, there is need for medical practitioners to understand the instances which negates such confidential information to be disclosed and the procedures pertaining such disclosures without patient consent notification. References Beyer, Karen. First Person: Jaffee v. Redmond Therapist Speaks. American Psychoanalyst, Volume 34, no. 3. (2000). Cappelli, Dawn M., Andrew P. Moore, and Randall F. Trzeciak. The CERT guide to insider threats: how to prevent, detect, and respond to information technology crimes (Theft, Sabotage, Fraud). Addison-Wesley, (2012). Harper, T. and Stout, B., Harper Travis Kelly and Stout Benjamin Clark, Methods for encrypting and decrypting electronically stored medical records and other digital documents for secure storage, retrieval and sharing of such documents. (U.S. Patent Application 09/764,020. 2001). Jackson, L. E., and M. W. Lim. "Knowledge and practice of confidential data handling in the Welsh Deanery: a brief report." Journal of medical ethics 37, no. 1 58-60. (2011) Jaffee v. Redmond. 518 U.S. 1; 116 S. Ct. 1923; 135 L. Ed. 2d 337 (1996). LEXIS 3879. Knepper, William E., Dan A. Bailey, Katharine B. Bowman, Robert L. Eblin, and R. Stacy Lane. Duty of Loyalty. (Vol. 1. Liability of Corporate Officers and Directors, 2016). Langheinrich, Marc. "Privacy by designprinciples of privacy-aware ubiquitous systems." In Ubicomp 2001: Ubiquitous Computing, pp. 273-291. (Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2001). Langheinrich, Marc. "Privacy by designprinciples of privacy-aware ubiquitous systems." In Ubicomp : Ubiquitous Computing, pp. 273-291. (Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2001). Luo, John S. "Electronic medical records." Primary Psychiatry 13, no. 2 (2006: 20-23). McWay, Dana C. Legal and ethical aspects of health information management. Cengage Learning, 2015. Merton, Vanessa. "Confidentiality and the Dangerous Patient: Implications of Tarasoff for Psychiatrists and Lawyers." Emory lJ 31 (1982: 263). Miles, Steven H. The Hippocratic oath and the ethics of medicine. Oxford University Press, (2005). Nissenbaum, Helen. "Privacy as contextual integrity." Wash. L. Rev. 79 (2004): 119. Oberle, Kathleen, and Dorothy Hughes. "Doctors and nurses perceptions of ethical problems in end?of?life decisions." Journal of advanced nursing 33, no. 6 (2001): 707-715. Rinehart-Thompson, Laurie A., and Rebecca B. Reynolds. Fundamentals of law for health informatics and information management. American Health Information Management Association, 2012. Sankar, Pamela, Susan Mora, Jon F. Merz, and Nora L. Jones. "Patient perspectives of medical confidentiality." Journal of general internal medicine 18, no. 8 (2003): 659-669. Supplementary Guidance: Public Interest Disclosures (November ) https://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/@ps/documents/digitalasset/dh_122031.pdf The American Psychoanalytic Association. Landmark Cases. (2014).. Retrieved from https://apsa.org/Programs/Advocacy/Landmark_Cases.aspx Washington, Lydia. "From custodian to steward. Evolving roles in the E-HIM transition." Journal of AHIMA/American Health Information Management Association 81, no. 5 (2010: 42). Whalen v. Roe. 429 U.S. 589; 97 S. Ct. 869; 51 L. Ed. 2d 64 (1977). LEXIS 42. Retrieved from https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic. World Medical Association. "World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79, no. 4 (2001: 373). Zacharias, Fred C. "Rethinking confidentiality." Iowa L. Rev. 74 (1988). Zhu, Weichun, Douglas R. May, and Bruce J. Avolio. "The impact of ethical leadership behavior on employee outcomes: The roles of psychological empowerment and authenticity." Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies 11, no. 1 (2004; 16-26).

Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Essays (293 words) -

Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a masterful early-English romance. Including both the fantastic (i.e. the green knight), tradition (i.e. Arthur's court) and adultery, the story touches upon important parts of entertainment, even today. The constant alliteration was key in creating such an enjouable piece of literature. I also enjoyed the daring, detailed decriptions such as those from line 130 to 150, on the stature of the Green Knight. Although the vocabulary was somewhat difficult, I enjoyed it, as I am one of many students who needs to improve my vocabulary. Symbolism ran rampant through the story, as well. I enjoyed the use of the color green, most. The Green Knight was obviously evil and abundantly green. Since green was also used to describe the Spring season and life, I believe that the abundance of it is just like the evil of overindulgence in life at that time. The abundance of green could have also been a reference to knowledge (i.e. the Tree of Knowledge n the Garden of Eden), and therefore a hint at the central message of the story: the lack of self or personal thought. The abundant references to religion emphasized the theme, as well. Each religious word was directed at the notion that a person's place in the world or community was predetermined; introspection was not allowed or needed. The only thoughts necessary were those of obedience to God, King and country. Gawain's personal introspection about the value of his own life over his knightly duties (or honor) suggested that, for the first time, these ideas of self were coming into play. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was a wonderful story, and I enjoyed it thoroghly. English Essays

Impact of the Economic Status on Domestic Violence

Impact of the Economic Status on Domestic Violence Introduction Domestic abuse, otherwise known as spousal abuse, battering, or even domestic violence, includes expressions of certain patterns of behaviors that are abusive towards one’s partner in a relationship involving marriage, cohabitation, dating, or a familial affair.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Impact of the Economic Status on Domestic Violence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Domestic violence is acerbated in a number of ways including assaults, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, economic deprivation, domineering, and intimidation among other forms of personal oppression. However, it is also crucial to note that domestic violence is not constrained to actions entailing physical and emotional abuse. It also implies criminal coercion, unlawful imprisonment, and kidnapping. The main reason why domestic violence is acerbated towards a person is principally to acquire a total control of the person . To achieve this goal, abusers deploy tactics of instilling fear, shame, and guilt coupled with intimidation to wear down their targets physically and emotionally. One of the fundamental characteristics of domestic violence is that it does not discriminate various people in the society. It occurs among heterosexual partners, homosexual partners, and among people of varying ages, economic status, and even across all ethnic backgrounds. While women in majority of the situations are found to be the major victims of domestic violence, men also are abused domestically especially emotionally and verbally while not negating physically in some instances. Nevertheless, whatever the source of domestic violence, be it from a woman, a teenager, or a man, the behavior is very unacceptable within a society. Unfortunately, domestic violence is still prevalent among various societies. From this perspective, from a broad approach, the paper finds out if the economical status of families may be conn ected to domestic violence.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It also seeks to investigate why, and if one’s, childhood may be linked to domestic violence. On the other hand, from an operational approach, the paper scrutinizes how, and if, poverty plays a role in domestic abuse. Economic Status of Families and Domestic abuse Among the many forms of domestic abuse, economic abuse is one of the ways of enabling one person to domineer against another person. It takes place whenever intimate persons take control over other persons to limit their accessibility to economic resources. Essentially, the abusing partners deploy strategies for making sure that their partners have limited accessibility to economic resources. By doing this, the abused partner is incapacitated from having the ability to support him/herself financially. The aftermath is to ensure that t he victim is fully dependent on the perpetrator economically in terms of â€Å"obtaining education, finding employment, maintaining or advancing their careers, and acquiring assets† (Williams 161). Alternatively, the abused partner may be given some tolerances by the perpetrator who closely supervises how he or she expends the finances â€Å"and or may also use the victim’s financial resources without being accorded consent with the chief intent of creating financial debts on the part of the victim† (Krishnan 137). The perpetrator may also make sure that all the savings belonging to the victims are used in totality so that the victim has limited accessibility to financial resources. From the dimension of economic domestic abuse, risks for domestic violence may result from a change of economic status of either spouse. The argument here is that there exists a relationship between economic status of family and domestic violence.Advertising We will write a c ustom research paper sample on Impact of the Economic Status on Domestic Violence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, Krishnan et al. argue that changes in spousal economic status â€Å"are associated with subsequent changes in violence risks† (139). Basing their study on the Indian context, the authors claim that women increase their risks of being subjected to domestic violence by 80 percent when their economic status changes from unemployment to employment. On the other hand, when men lose their jobs, they are 1.7 times likely to encounter domestic violence perpetrated by their wives (Krishnan et al. 141). In a study conducted in Malaysia by Awang and Hariharan, it is found out that the income status of survivors of domestic violence is a key determinant of domestic violence (459). Therefore, economic factors are critical in examining the factors that may create prevalence of domestic violence among families in various s ocieties. Arguably, the central concern of this argument is that domestic violence may be attributed to economic factors. However, it is also arguable that domestic violence may lead to deterioration of the parties involved in the violence economically. Precisely, â€Å"until recently, it was unclear whether victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, or stalking were eligible for unemployment insurance if they were fired or forced to quit their jobs because of the violence† (Runge 16). Consequently, in the states where the law has not been amended to give people opportunities to benefit from unemployment benefits when such people are laid off because of reasons related to domestic violence, battering acts as a means of worsening the economic status of the victims. Research on the impacts of domestic violence on the ability of women to work such as the one conducted by Audra and Shannon shows that women who are abused have lesser probabilities of choosing to work than women who have not experienced domestic violence (1119). This implies that battering influences the capacity of women to look for means of bettering their economic status. This has the impacts of making them even more dependent on the perpetrators of domestic violence. In this context, economic independency is a subtle mechanism of reducing the risk of exposure to domestic violence among women.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, women who suffer divorce due to domestic violence â€Å"exhibit an unemployment rate of 20% below that of non abused divorced women† (Audra and Shannon 1120). From these findings, it sounds subtle to argue that working women have lesser probabilities of experiencing domestic violence. Therefore, the hiked economic status for women resulting from the state of being employed is a key determiner of their exposure to domestic violence. This argument is amplified by Audra and Shannon’s findings, â€Å"†¦out of the sample of women that were abused in the past, 9.4% of women who are currently not working are abused whereas only 8.9% (3.48% out of 39.2% married women abused in the past) of women who are currently working are abused† (1120). The findings indicate that unemployment among women may result to a cycle of exposure to domestic violence. This follows because, the more women are exposed to domestic violence and the more likely they refrai n from looking for employment, the higher the probability of being abused. Since employment is directly correlated with the economic status of individual, the argument provides substantive grounds to infer that a relationship exists between domestic violence and economic status of families. Link between Childhood and Domestic Violence Numerous scholars have investigated the impacts of people’s exposure on domestic violence on childhood based on the capacity of such people to result into abusing their partners in adulthood. For instance, Audra and Shannon argue that men who have experienced domestic abuse during their childhood have higher chances of abusing their wives (1119). This experience comes from seeing their fathers abuse their mothers. Nevertheless, employment status also plays central roles in making men abuse their wives. For instance, Audra and Shannon argue, â€Å"abusive husbands are also more likely to have experienced unemployment in the past 12 months and ar e much less likely to have a university education than non abusive spouse† (1119). Education is one of the ways of ensuring that societies are fully aware of the rights of all individuals including the right for not being abused domestically. However, based on the findings of Audra and Shannon, childhood experiences in battering seems like a force that is so strong that it out powers educational knowledge on battering. The contribution of the experiences of children rendering them resolve to intimate partner violence is also noted by Mbilinyi et al. who claim that cognition of domestic violence in childhood has the ability to make people normalize domestic violence in adulthood (171). Amid the above claim, it is also important to consider other counterarguments for the link between childhood exposure to domestic violence and their likelihoods of resulting to engaging in violence activities themselves in adulthood. In this dimension, several scholars encounter mixed findings on the link particularly on incorporation of dimensions such as utilization of contextual barriers in their studies. Such barriers include social economic status and community violence. Nevertheless, Mbilinyi et al. maintain that childhood domestic violence is an indicator and a factor that may help in predicting indulgence in adulthood domestic violence (183). During perpetration of domestic violence acts, children are always caught in between the warring parties. Consequently, they develop certain psychological and behavioral attitudes towards either party. Sometimes, in this interaction process, children end up being physically abused once they intervene in defense of the weaker party. Murrell et al. support this line of argument by further informing, â€Å"Many women are abused by intimate partners, millions of children witness such acts, and many of these children are physically abused† (523). Many of such children possess higher chances of portraying violent behaviors dur ing their adulthood. Hence, exposures to domestic violence in the family of origin may act as a subsequent factor that may result to the victimization of one’s partner. Kerley et al. reinforce this argument by claiming, â€Å"this relationship holds not only for direct exposure (experiencing violence), but also for indirect exposure (witnessing violence against a parent or sibling)† (337). Arguably, people’s indulgence in domestic violence following exposure to environments dominated by perpetration of battering may be seen as being caused by intergenerational transmission of battering behavior. However, it is critical to note that there is scholarly evidence that the issue of children witnessing or experiencing violent acts being perpetrated to one of their parents by the other parent has probabilities of making such children practice similar behaviors towards their partners later in adulthood. However, the extent to which their violent acts measures up to the threshold of their experiences remains unclear. Therefore, it remains questionable whether other factors such as social economic status serve to increase the abusive behaviors experienced during childhood or these factors act as independent factors that lead to the portrayal of the abusive behaviors. Role of Poverty in Domestic Violence Poverty and battering are essentially interwoven. This implies that any endeavor to run away from an abusive relationship may expose the victim to some economic challenges, which are often too hard to accept as the status quo. Precisely, any attempt to vacate from one place to another in the quest to escape domestic violence would imply losing housing, jobs, accessibility to one’s partner income, and childcare while also not negating quality health care. This argument is amplified Evans who argues that, in Australia, â€Å"there continues to be a higher prevalence of domestic violence, and more severe physical injury sustained as a result of domestic violence among population groups living with poverty† (36). In this perspective, where one partner is not economically endowed, chances are that, for her or him to continue with normal life economically, he or she needs to endure domestic violence. The severity of poverty in resulting to exaggeration of acerbating violent acts is exemplified by legislation and other state policies. This follows because the policies and the legislation on domestic violence only provide mechanisms of isolation of the victim from the perpetrator without providing for or guaranteeing long-term financial security to the victim. On the other hand, anti-poverty schemes primarily focus on hiking the accessibility to economic resources without paying attention to and inculcating measures to ensure that an abusive partner does not harm the job of the victim. Poverty exposes women who are battered to minimal options. For those women who have low incomes, they have a high probability of being sub jected to discrimination, which has the overall results of reducing their financial security and their safety. For example, some property owners may shun away from renting their houses to women whose rents have been subsidized by their governments. Consequently, it sounds plausible to argue that women who live in low-income neighborhoods are likely to have low economic opportunities and accessibility to employment. Hence, they are more likely to experience battering without escaping away from it. Directly congruent with this argument, Williams further argues that women with low incomes may be compelled to â€Å"seek emergency housing whether they reside in domestic violence or homeless shelters† (143). Thus, poverty is critical in making victims of domestic violence to continue persevering maltreatments acerbated by their partners. Mogford supports this argument by further arguing, â€Å"The effects of a woman’s status on her likelihood of experiencing abuse depend on the social realm within which status operates† (835). Additionally, the author confirms the prior arguments that poverty and domestic violence are intertwined especially in the context of rural areas. Arguably, poverty results to battering due to increased relationship and familial stresses, which have the utmost consequences of posing a limitation to the victims’ capacity to depart from an abusive partner. For many demographic social groups, nonmetropolitan poverty is normally higher than metropolitan poverty. This truncates into making the survivors of domestic violence living in rural areas have limited means of transportation. Consequently, this makes them unable to free from abusive partners to seek refuge in their friends and or families’ homes located far away from their rural dwellings. The argument here is that poverty leads to making the victims of domestic abuse persevere domestic violence acts perpetrated to them by their partners. Audra, Bowlus, an d  Shannon  Seitz. â€Å"Domestic Violence, Employment, and Divorce.† International Economic Review, vol.  47, no. 4, 2006, pp. 1113-1149. Awang, Halimah, and Sharon Hariharan. â€Å"Determinants of Domestic Violence: Evidence from Malaysia.† Journal of Family Violence, vol.  26, no. 6, 2011, pp. 459-464. Evans, Susan. â€Å"Beyond Gender: Class, Poverty and Domestic Violence.† Australian Social Work, vol. 58, no. 1, 2005, pp. 36-43. Kerley, Kent, et al. â€Å"Exposure to Family Violence in Childhood and Intimate Partner Perpetration or Victimization in Adulthood: Exploring Intergenerational Transmission in Urban Thailand.† Journal of Family Violence, vol. 25, no. 3, 2010, pp. 337-347. Krishnan, Suneeta, et al. â€Å"Do changes in spousal employment status lead to domestic violence? Insights from a prospective study in Bangalore, India.† Social Science Medicine, vol.  70, no. 1, 2010, pp. 136-143. Mbilinyi, Lyungai, et al. â€Å"Childho od Domestic Violence Exposure among a Community Sample of Adult Perpetrators: What Mediates the Connection?† Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment Trauma, vol.  21, no. 2, 2012, pp. 171-187. Mogford, Elizabeth. â€Å"When Status Hurts: Dimensions of Women’s Status and Domestic Abuse in Rural Northern India.† Violence against Women, vol. 17, no. 7, 2011, pp. 835-857. Murrell, Amy, et al. â€Å"Characteristics of Domestic Violence Offenders: Associations with Childhood Exposure to Violence.† Journal of Family Violence, vol.  22, no. 7, 2007, pp. 523-532. Runge, Robin. â€Å"The Legal Response to the Employment Needs of Domestic Violence Victims: An Update.† Human Rights, vol.  37, no. 3, 2010, pp. 13-23. Williams, Jean. â€Å"Domestic Violence and Poverty: The Narratives of Homeless Women.† A Journal of Women Studies, vol. 19, no. 2, 1998, pp. 143-165.

Business Ethics Case Study - The Nice Guy Essay

Business Ethics Case Study - The Nice Guy - Essay Example eople holding different managerial positions to possess leadership skills so that problem solving and decision making are done effectively and efficiently. This paper addresses the key aspects related to business ethics and discusses the essential leadership qualities required for ethical problem solving and strategic decision making. Let us first understand what business ethics is and how it relates to leadership issues and the overall business environment. In order to understand the relevance of ethical values in business, it is important to first realize the organizational structure as a social institute. An organization is formed by a collective group(s) of individuals with a vision to develop a network of common interest. Managers and executives are responsible for directing the resources of the organization. Shareholders are the owners of the capital, who expect profitable outcomes of their investment. Then there are employees who produce the goods in return of a decent wage and safe working conditions. In other words, all these groups are interlinked to one another, and a perfect balance between them creates the conditions essential for a successful business enterprise. Maintaining this balance is important for the management of the company in the sense that miscalculation in the balance can actually negatively affect the ethical system of the company. As Guy (1990, 4) states, â€Å"For an enterprise to continually give value to human effort and to encourage creative achievements, a balance of all interests is required.† While discussing ethics, it is important to talk about other related terms such as values and morals. Values refer to the core beliefs of what is desirable in an organization. Values considerably affect the choices made in business decisions, which further includes the aspects of ethics or morals. This paper does not aim to distinguish the definitions of ethics or morals. In short, both ‘ethics’ and ‘morals’ signify the codes of