Manchild in the promised land

Original blacks in New York had the one of a kind circumstance of being in the urban life just because, having originated from slave work conditions on southern ranches, they brought their encounters of living as slaves, they brought their religion and they brought trust that life in the city would be extraordinary, that life would be better in the guarantee land.â As we seen in Manchild in the Promised Land, life in New York is hard, harder than the south in new ways that blacks couldn't have set themselves up for. Destitution, savagery, and preference tailed them any place they went in America, including New York.â Black kids experiencing childhood in this urban setting resemble weeds developing between the breaks in the pavementâ€they are healthy, they do what they need to do to survive.â The lanes are their play area, their school and expectation is just in the karma one has that they won’t get busted.â How did this way of life develop?â various variables, specifically neediness and bias made different issues grow, for example, brutality, kid misuse, drugs, prostitution and so forth. Youngster Abuse One social sick that regularly comes from neediness is kid abuse.â In the book kid misuse is found in homes, for example, Claude’s companion Bucky whose mother, who is on government assistance, is in such a condition of depression, that she picks her beverage and betting over taking care of her own four children.â These youngsters loved living in the kid government assistance house on the grounds that at any rate there they had three dinners every day and a spot to sleep.â Of his companion Claude says, â€Å"Bucky was the main child I realized who could remain out throughout the night and not be missed† (p 32). This obviously imparted in these young the battle to make due no matter what whether it be brutality or stealing.â School additionally became something that scarcely appears to be beneficial when a youngster could be out â€Å"catting† in the city and gotten back home with food, cash, garments or different things when school just implied that you would presumably get in a difficult situation for something and get beat when you got home.â Claude doesn’t appear to understand the advantages of going to class, figuring out how to peruse and so on until nearly his secondary school years when the jail superintendent supports him and accepts that he could progress nicely. Similarly as an ace manhandled the slave, numerous a dark parent mishandled their youngsters under the misrepresentation of â€Å"spare the pole and ruin the child,† raising them up with brutality in their souls from the start.â Black kids in Harlem were to regard their folks and do what they were told or pay the expense. For discipline for his different wrongdoings and school skipping, Claude is beaten continuously more genuinely until his dad resorts to hitting him with his clench hands since it appears that regardless of what discipline Claude is given, he keeps on stumbling into difficulty and his dad is disappointed to the point of genuine violence.â So from the age of six years of age, savagery is imparted in Claude as a methods for maintaining authority and for rebuffing incorrectly doing however strikingly enough, brutality was insufficient to make Claude regard his dad and the day his dad utilized his clench hands on Claude is by all accounts the day that Claude’s relationship with his dad was cut off. Viciousness Viciousness is a piece of endurance in Harlem.â One must shield their masculinity, their notoriety or dread losing significant collusions with other men who help make road life livable.â In jail one must ensure their position of intensity, which is more obvious than in the city. Instances of savagery in the book incorporate when Claude abandons his companion for permitting himself to be beat up by white menâ€to Harlem road youth this was the most ill bred thing one could do to oneself. Large Bill, a man in Claude’s neighborhood, urged the children to battle since he realized they expected to figure out how to protect themselves on those hard streets.â Big Bill was setting them up forever, as he saw it.â In request to endure, Claude learned, you must be a â€Å"bad nigger,† which implied that you must be happy to do anything; you must be willing to die.â One time when Claude was beat up over a quarter he stated, â€Å"It wasn’t the estimation of money†¦ It was only that these things represented a man’s masculinity or principles† (p. 256). Brutality is utilized to keep racial segregationâ€Claude is raised being informed that on the off chance that he were to ever lay down with a white lady he would be lynched.â The police use savagery to control violence.â Violence is likewise utilized by the ordinary occupants of Harlem to secure themselves against the individuals who live the road life.â Claude got a projectile in the stomach from a neighbor who was basically attempting to shield their sheets from being stolen.â One man’s head was aired out by a landowner for peeing in the passage of his building.â   The pattern of wrong doing is by all accounts sustained by viciousness; it cuts the mind and causes an individual to become hard to what exactly must be done to ensure oneself and one’s possessions in Harlem or any poor urban ghetto. Job of Women People of color in Harlem are the most minimal on the chain of command so to talk and are treated as though they were items to possess or use.â Women are considered to just exist to satisfy men and men like Johnny, a pimp, treat ladies seriously so as to get what they want.â Claude’s own mom is defenseless to control her child, essentially ringing her hands and saying, â€Å"Boy, why you so bad?† (p 27).â For the situation of Sugar and Melvin, Sugar must advance up when her man concludes that he won't battle to get by in antagonistic Harlem however basically give upâ€she must interpretation of an increasingly significant job in the relationship and lead the family. Medications Medications are another consequence of urban destitution in Harlem.â Drugs are a departure, an opportunity to make a snappy buck.â Claude additionally said that medications became related with masculinity, â€Å"the youthful felines needed to consume medications since they used to tune in to the manner in which the addicts talked, with a drag in their voice† (p 261).â Many a person of color in Harlem got trapped in the snare of Heroine, imagining that they were in charge and selling it, the medication assumed responsibility for them.â Pimp, Claude’s younger sibling, was simply such a character and Claude invested a great deal of energy attempting to show his sibling this equitable wasn’t the way. Religion Religion in Harlem looks back to the spirituals of the South.â Charismatic community gatherings were held in old stores, lofts or any place there is space to be had. The ministers, for example, Mrs. Rogers, a jackleg evangelist, have no conventional preparing however lead their family and companions in a message and uproarious petition meetings. Claude was distrustful of his involvement with Mrs. Roger’s church and for a considerable length of time later he recollected church as a spot where, â€Å" someone arranged a great deal of kitchen seats in a couple of columns, a minister did a ton of yelling about the Lord, individuals bouncing all over until they got wrecked by the soul, and Mrs. Rogers put bowls of cash on a kitchen table and continued highlighting it and asking from more† (p. 27).â Claude accepts all through the book that religion is simply one more interruption, similar to a medication, to remove one’s brain from the enduring of hard living. Dark Muslims in Harlem spoke to a little extraordinary type of confidence that managed the issues of the ghetto by turning the way of thinking of preference around so the person of color was the unrivaled race and the whites mediocre and as indicated by Floyd Saks, â€Å"The opportunity has arrived for every back man to ascend, unite as one and accomplish something for themselves† (p 319).â These Muslim’s urged blacks to â€Å"buy black† to better the dark economy.â Although Claude perceives the requirement for change in his locale he rapidly observes that Floyd’s confidence is basically trading one abhor for another. Good examples The main good examples that urban youth in Harlem appeared to have were negative ones.â Those that buckled down didn't bring in enough cash to endure or live well.â Those that appeared to have enough cash and to have authority over their life were the â€Å"street heroes† or the men who had the option to lie, cheat and take their living.â Claude was affected by companions his own age, for example, Danny, who showed him how to take from sales registers and play hooky or Johnny who showed him how to hustle in the city. Claude thusly turned into a â€Å"street hero† and affected his younger sibling Pimp who at that point wound up turning into a medication user.â The impact of kin was to such an extent that Pimp was relied upon to satisfy his brother’s extreme notoriety so he must be a â€Å"bad nigger† and he needed to get in a tough situation as conceivable to get up to speed to his brother’s long periods of road experience.â Claude needs to whip a more established kid for his sister Carole’s respect so as to save his own just as hers. Claude finds a positive impact just in the â€Å"comforts† of the controlled jail where everything is plainly spread out with purpose.â Mr. Papanek and Mrs. Coen are the main two individuals in Claude’s life who emphatically impacted his activities and helped him to understand that he was going no where doing likewise things that got him in a difficult situation previously and got other men in a tough situation when him. Papanek continued telling individuals that, â€Å"Claude Brown will be a genuine success† and accordingly, Claude trusted it and got it going (p 167).â Doing something else had not happened to Claude before this or to other youth like him in light of the fact that there just weren’t any fruitful youthful people of color to be found. Reverend James was a positive good example in the Harlem people group that Claude looked to enable his sibling To pimp get off medications and to discover a track into college.â Claude regarded Reverend James since he was as intel

Entry barriers of Underground construction industry in Russia Essay

Section obstructions of Underground development industry in Russia - Essay Example Market structures that are probably going to be found inside an industry incorporate impeccable rivalry, monopolistic rivalry, restraining infrastructure and oligopoly (Etro, 2009, p.273). While these are the most widely recognized, others like oligopsony, monopsony and value separation (Etro, 2009, p.275) additionally exist. The characterizing factors to every one of the recorded market structure goes about as the wellspring of boundaries to section in the business sectors. These obstructions, be that as it may, differ over the business sectors, with certain business sectors having generous hindrances than others. Boundaries to section are essentially characterized as deterrents or variables that keep firms from entering explicit markets (Edgerton, 2008, p.107). Obstruction levels as of now referenced fluctuate starting with one market then onto the next, with certain business sectors being described by simple access, while others stay hard to enter. For example, unadulterated serious markets are described by free passage and exit, while syndication markets are generously difficult to enter (Spulber, 2006, p.135-152). Wellsprings of these hindrances are differing and dynamic after some time. They are spread across cost of activity, brand reliability by shoppers, number of purchasers and dealers, response of occupant firms, government guideline and permitting (OECD, 2008, p.141-142). The Russian development industry is one of the numerous ventures in the economy that faces showcase section obstructions, before the diverse market structures apparent in the business. In the midst of the previously mentioned wellsprings of passage obstructions, Porter’s five powers are basic to represent. They incorporate competition, danger of substitutes, purchaser power, provider force and passage boundaries (Etro, 2009, p.303). These powers represent the business sectors patterns and business endeavors that make one market hard to enter contrasted with different markets. Markets that are difficult to enter appreciate showcase controls that permit the organizations working in it set costs that are as a rule higher than serious costs. The assessment of passage obstructions of Russian underground

A Comparison of A Streetcar Named Desire and The Master Builder Essay

The Comedy and Tragedy of A Streetcar Named Desire and The Master Builder It has been said that the world is a parody to those that think, and a catastrophe to the individuals who feel.  This way of thinking is bolstered by two significant abstract works, A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams and The Master Builder by Henrik Ibsen. In each piece, the touchy and passionate characters experience huge torment, while the cold and barbarous characters are basically entertained by the agony of others. In A Streetcar Named Desire, Tennessee Williams shows two characters who have totally different encounters of the world.  For Stanley Kowalski, the world is a satire. He continually makes torment others, particularly Blanche, and afterward giggles at her pain.  For instance, he hands Blanche a pass to Laurel as a birthday present, showing her out of the house.  To Stanley this barbarous and coldhearted signal is entertaining, yet to Blanche it is a pernicious token of rejection.  Blanche is a character who encounters the deplorability of the world, as occasions influence her deeply.  For example, she can not see how her sister, Stella, can endure the maltreatment that Stanley delivers upon her.  Blanche is worried about her sister and turns out to be incredibly unnerved when Stanley hits her.  This shows the affectability of Blanche's character that prompts her disaster. Tennessee Williams utilizes a few abstract components to uncover how characters react contrastingly to the world.  The portrayal of Blanche and Stanley is basic, as Stanley is delineated as an obtuse, fierce animal who has no respect for others' emotions.  Therefore, he feels no lament as he decimates the connection among Blanche and Mitch.&n... ...ive without a still, small voice - permits her to oversee Solness, playing on his shortcomings. The incongruity of this circumstance is that the extraordinary ace manufacturer is really a delicate man who encounters his end on account of a youthful girl.  The disaster that happens in the last scene when Solness tumbles from the pinnacle is viewed as a parody for Hilda, who keeps on rooting for her own prosperity. These two works, A Streetcar Named Desire and The Master Builder, represent how life can be viewed diversely by characters who have a profound and touchy heart and the individuals who need human sentiments. As uncovered in the two plays, the individuals who feel things profoundly will in general be influenced by torment and disaster in their lives, while the individuals who don't have thoughtful feelings will in general be delighted by the agony of others, frequently adding to the catastrophe experienced by the individuals who feel.

If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Essay Topics for Technogical Advancement

If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Essay Topics for Technogical Advancement Nobody can deny that we're dwelling in an extremely technological world. Man has made several inventions. Media is one particular field that's now completely contingent on the technological advancements. In summary, it is dependent on how you use technology. It's reasonable to say that technology aids in easing our lives. There are various sorts of technologies which could be utilized in the standard classrooms. The interception of communication cannot be allowed, so the most current technology should be pressed forward. The condition of the art communication technology poses lots of risks and negative effects in our day-to-day lives. It gives capability for those users to use technology to be able to support various different learning paradigms. New technologies within this field mean considerable changes in our lives. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Essay Topics for Technogical Advancement War is no laughing matter and to be able to be on alert and prepared to guard people on any particular notice, such advancements in technology are essential. For instance, there are now thousands of completely free on-line courses readily available on YouTube that everyone can watch and learn from any place in the world. Also, choosing the most appropriate topic is crucial. There are lots of good reasons and a great deal of bad reasons as to whether that it's a fantastic thing that technology adva nced. Essay Topics for Technogical Advancement Features This article also helps show that the use of internet by several organizations is also an indicator to the integration of distinct Nations and the many agencies. Regular users will get benefit too. As easy it's to find information online, is it very simple to go wrong in the web too. On-line networking sites, like Facebook and Twitter have come to be the most well-known means of immediate communication. You don't even need to rewrite an entire paper as you did a mistake or you've got to add more information to the written form. Essay ought to be written in the words an ordinary person will understand. Such sort of essay has a wide assortment of topics. If you do a Position, Argument, or a Cause paper, you will want to be aware of the different perspectives, but you're going to use your response to the question as your thesis statement. The most important idea is to think of a comprehensive essay made from introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion. To put it differently, you don't will need to use paper as a way to store any information on shelves. A technology paper has a large number of topics. The computer made it simple for the students to carry out several activities in the very same site. Folks want to get started acting more responsible. Students have the opportunity to attend online universities which offer same knowledge and data through the world wide web. As a result of the technology advancement, they are able to make money and study. Folks are now able to also video chat whether it's for a work interview or for an important meeting a worker may not have the ability to attend. As a result, they are becoming lazy and they do not feel the need to go outside of their home to find entertainment and activities such as team sports with friends or going out for shopping, instead, ordering stuff through the internet. As of this moment there are several tactics to send a group of words in just a couple of letters and the individual receiving it's equipped to understand what it means. A lot of people argue whether technology has an influence on the manner that kids grow up. One method is to receive a motivational counselor for those employers. Firstly, stress is understood to be a circumstance where an individual cannot live until the expectations of something which is needed for him to do. Looking at both of these simple yet real world situations, there has to be a way employers can help to alleviate the burden, or at least help to control the strain of the employees. Another very good way for employers to assist their staff eliminate stress is by having an enjoyable environment to work in. How to Choose Essay Topics for Technogical Advancement Becoming in a position to communicate has ever been available the sole distinction is the speed at which you communicate. Many users don't use privacy settings in any way, leaving them far more vulnerable to internet predators. Today, an individual can find everything on the web. Today internet is public and it's the most frequently used means of communication than every other ways.

Main Causes Of The French Revolution - 996 Words

The commencement of the French Revolution arranged the country of France being at the brink of bankruptcy. Causes for this brink are easily seen. King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, lavished money on themselves and residences such as Versailles. Queen Marie especially, over spending money and was seen as a wasteful spender. The government, found that funds were depleting due to wars in the same manner as the funding for the American Revolution. Deficit spending, a government spending more money than it takes in from tax revenues, also played a major role in the bankruptcy of France as well as the privileged classes not submitting to being taxed. The New Encyclopedia describes the French Revolution as being â€Å"a period of ideological,†¦show more content†¦According to Alpha History, â€Å"The cause of De Launay’s death is in dispute, however the most popular account suggests he was stabbed and beheaded by an unemployed baker wielding a small bread knife.â⠂¬  (Llewellyn and Thompson) Bastille day was a major turning point in the history of France, but why did the National Assembly take over Bastille? The Third Estate wanted King Louis XVI to give additional say in the government to the commoners. However, they heard about Louis XVI wanting to use military force to take them out, so they armed themselves by first taking over the Hotel des Invalides to arm themselves. The guns they stole from the Hotel des Invalides didn’t contain gunpowder so they pursued to Bastille to steal gunpowder for their muskets. After the storming of the Bastille and Versailles, the King and Queen were forced to move to Paris along with the National Assembly. The royal family spent several years in the Tuileries Palace as prisoners and even attempting to escape once. A new government known as the Legislative Assembly rose and the Convention, abolished the monarchy. But the abolishment of the monarchy was not enough, however, since as long as the royal family lived the monarchy could be restored. Subsequently, the royal couple was put on trial for treason and King Louis XVI along with Queen Marie Antoinette were guillotined. â€Å"He former king was presented with 33 charges, each describing an act of betrayal, sabotage or failure ofShow MoreRelatedThe Main Causes of the French Revolution2204 Words   |  9 PagesNotes! I. Causes of the French Revolution 1. International: struggle for hegemony and Empire outstrips the fiscal resources of the state 2. Political conflict: conflict between the Monarchy and the nobility over the â€Å"reform† of the tax system led to paralysis and bankruptcy. 3. The Enlightenment: impulse for reform intensifies political conflicts; reinforces traditional aristocratic constitutionalism, one variant of which was laid out in Montequieu’s Spirit of the Laws; introduces new notionsRead MoreWhat Are The Four Main Causes Of The French Revolution1175 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 23 Questions 1. What are the four main causes of the French Revolution discussed on pages 652-653 in your text? In your opinion, which cause was the main reason for the revolution? Why did you pick this cause? Response to Question 1.1 : Two of the estates had privileges, including access to high offices and exemptions from paying taxes, that were not granted to the members of the third. This caused growing resentment among the lower classes. 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AlthoughRead MoreThe French Revolution Essay907 Words   |  4 Pagesstormed the Bastille and initiated the French Revolution. This essay will analyze the main causes of the French Revolution, specifically, the ineffectiveness of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, the dissatisfaction of the Third Estate, and the Enlightenment. It will also be argued that the most significant factor that caused the French Revolution is the ineffective leadership of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. The first and main reason for the French Revolution was the terrible leadership of KingRead MoreFrench Revolution : The Main Effect Of Enlightenment Ideas Emergence Or Social Economic Disruption? Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pagesand economic section, such as poverty and taxation issues. Thus, French Revolution is one of the turning points of French public life. It is popular with the slogan â€Å"liberty, equality and fraternity† that brought French to be a new revolutionary country. While many people are still arguing whether French Revolution is the main effect of the Enlightenment ideas emergence or social economic disruption, I will argue that this revolution was an ultimate outcome of the social and economics disarray by

The Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombings. Genocide or Not

The Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombings. Genocide or not? ! The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki occurred on 6-9 August 1945. As stated by Jennifer Rosenberg: ‘‘Unlike many other bombing raids, the goal for this raid had not been a military installation but rather an entire city.’’1 The US wanted to scare the Japanese out of the war. The possible targets of the bombings were: Hiroshima, Kokura, Nagasaki and Niigata. Kyoto was one of the choices as well, but it was removed from the list. ‘‘The cities were chosen because they had been relatively untouched during the war.’’2 The bomb  «Little Boy » was dropped on Hiroshima by the crew of a B-29 Superfortress  «Enola Gay » bomber. On 9th of August it was followed by the bomb  «Fat Man » that was†¦show more content†¦But in order to tell whether it was an act of genocide or not, we have to know if there was any intent to destroy the population of Japan in part or in wh ole. The bombings caused have caused a debate over them. As former US Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson said: ‘‘The atomic bomb was more than a weapon of terrible destruction; it was a psychological weapon.’’ Psychological weapon, in a sense that in Japan it was dishonorable to surrender, so the Americans have understood, that invading Japan would be useless. What they could have gotten with the invasion of Japan is a great amount of casualties. Rather than losing their own people, the US decided to scare the Japanese out of the war, which means that there was no intent to destroy Japanese neither in whole nor in part. ! Although the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are meeting all the criteria, listed in the Article 2 of the United Nations Convention on Genocide, except for one (Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group), we can clearly see that it was not a case of genocide. 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Most of the population stood helpless in the open as the sighting of only three aircraft quickly caused a roaring of air raid warnings. The extraordinary event destroyed nearly two-thirds of the city and immediately killed tens of thousands of people, and t ens of thousands more died later from radiation exposure. Sixteen hoursRead MoreFilm Analysis Of The Film Judgment At Nuremberg780 Words   |  4 Pagesseats and Ernst Janning and the other judges would have decided the case. The tribunal would be tried for their countries’ war crimes, such as the bombing of Dresden, and to the American judges, the atrocities that would have possibly been shown to them would be just as shocking. The victors were never punished for their faults; no one involved in the bombing of Dresden was ever charged with war crimes, even though many people insisted. In order to truly serve justice, the Nuremberg Trials should have

Payless Shoe Source free essay sample

Payless ShoeSource is an American discount footwear retailer founded in Topeka, Kansas in 1956 by brothers Louis and Shaol Pozez that is owned by Collective Brands, Inc, on a revolutionary idea selling shoes in a self-select environment. In 1961, it became a public company as the Volume Shoe Corporation which merged with the May Department Stores Company in 1979. More than 50 years later, Payless continues the self-select model combined with leading customer service to provide a fun and engaging shopping experience for our customers. Today, Payless serves illions of consumers through its powerful global network of stores in all 50 U. S. tates, as well as in Puerto Rico, Guam, Saipan, the U. S. Virgin Islands, Canada, Central America, the Caribbean and South America. The company also has an expanding presence in the Eastern Hemisphere through franchising arrangements. History Circa 1962-63, Volume Shoe company purchased the original Hill Brothers Shoe Company based in Kansas City, Mo and converted approximately all 295 of their stores to the Payless name. In 1971, Volume Shoe obtained the second Hill Brothers Shoe Store chain that was started in St. Louis, Mo in 2012 by A1 Melnick and Sol Nathanson with the assistance and aid of the original Hill Brothers in Kansas City. The St. Louis version of Hill Brothers Self Service Shoe Store' went from 3 to 001 stores in the Midwest and South between 1956 and 1971. Volume Shoe originally operated the 103 stores under the Hill Brothers Self Service name. Starting in 1972, Volume Shoe began to consolidate stores in proximity and convert others to the Payless brand. The St. Louis operation of Hill Brothers Self Service' stores were known for their bare bones minimalism and the slogan two for five man alive! That is, women and childrens shoes were two pair for five dollars. On June 27, 2006, Payless announced that it was launching a new logo created to represent a more stylish and contemporary company. This is the first rollout of stores in 2012 and beyond. Mission Payless mission is to be the first choice for budget-conscious consumers who shop for shoes and accessories. The company offers a wide range of trend-right and essential shoes and accessory items at affordable prices to help every family member look good every step of the way. Payless is dedicated to providing incredible value ricing for popular styles of footwear and accessories for the entire family to enjoy. Payless seasonal collection includes shoes for every need † dress, casual and athletic styles for women, men and kids, as well as special footwear like dance shoes, sport cleats, water socks and slip resistant footwear, among others. Brands are always important for shoppers and Payless has a strong portfolio featuring designer label Christian Siriano for Payless, heritage skate brand [emailprotected], American classic [emailprotected], the popular athletic brand [emailprotected], American Eaglew by [emailprotected], the outhful edgy fashion brand, Brash. best to Paylesss new strategy? The strategy for setting a products price often has to be changed when the product is part of a product mix. Companies usually develop product lines rather than single product. Product mix means in the same companies have many type product with they are brands it sold. Product mix pricing strategies consist of five elements which is product line pricing, product bundle pricing, by- product pricing, captive product pricing and optional-product pricing. In this case, the product mix pricing strategy Payless use is product line pricing. Product line pricing is setting the price steps between various products in the product line based on cost differences between the products, customer evaluations of different features and competitors prices. Payless have strategy product line, from one comprised almost entirely of store brands to one dominated by well-known national brands. Payless now sells shoes under numerous brand names that it either owns or licenses, including Airwalk, Champion, Spalding, Dexter, Shaquille ONeal-endorsed Dunkman, and various Disney brands. Customer can buy many types of products with different prices by looking at size, idth, color and design. For example, for boys shoes, they have many shapes, size, color, design, and numerous brands which they can get with difference price from $ 12. 99 until $26. 99. For girls, there are shoes in differences brand like Fioni, Amerian, Eagle, Dexter, Lela Rose, and Smartfit from $14. 99 until $24. 99. Most products Payless offers are under $50. Other than that, Payless have relationship with top New-York based designers Laura Poretzky, Lela Rose, Stacey Bendet and Patricia Field. The four are designing everything from pumps to boots to handbags for Payless. Payless sets most of the tores product line below $15. The companys CEO, Matt Rubel also has suggested that in many cases, price increases may be as little as 50 cent per pair of shoes. But the expansion of its brand portfolio to include famous labels will certainly give payless greater pricing flexibility. How do concepts such as psychological pricing and reference pricing apply to the Payless strategy? In what ways does Paylesss strategy deviate from these concepts? By definition, psychological pricing is a pricing approach that considers the psychology of prices and not simply the economics. The price is used to say something about the product. Psychological pricing occurs when sellers consider the psychology of prices and not simply the economics. In the other hand, reference pricing is prices that buyers carry in their minds and refer to when they look at a given product. Consumers usually perceive higher-priced products as having higher quality. But what happen in Payless is, they did not increase the price of their product to gain cheap footwear into the fun, hip, merchant of fashion. In addition, Payless even re-designed their logo for the first time in 20 years. They then launched new Fashion Lab and Hot Zone store format. It was a drastic improvement. As the result, Payless store now have more open, light, and airy thus creating a more satisfying consumer experience. Payless is now looking forward into style and design rather than price. This is where Paylesss strategy deviate from psychological pricing concept. Payless focuses more towards style and design of their product rather than price. They even upgrade their store environment into more comfortable places which then create customer satisfaction. With the new store environment, it makes the $12 shoe looks like a $20 shoe. However, Paylesss manipulating the reference pricing by implementing a drastic mprovement in their store. They launched a new Fashion Lab and Hot Zone store format to create more open, light, and airy with a more satisfying consumer experience built around style and design rather than price. The new format not only attracts more customers, but they even make the customer willing to pay a little bit more than they have in the past. All new Payless stores now have one of the two new formats and old stores are being progressively remodeled. Discuss the benefits and risks of the new Payless strategy for both Payless and the designers. Which of these two stands to lose the most? With the new strategy implemented by Payless, they have the ability to produce shoes at the most affordable price. Even though the price is slightly increased, customers are still willing to pay more. Compared to competitors, the price offered by Payless is still affordable by customers. payless has made a decision to redesign their logo and launched a new store format, Fashion Lab and Hot Zone. Payless are now transforming and introducing their new image as more trendy and more modern. This strategy will change the image of Payless from the dusty dungeon of cheap footwear into the fun, hip merchant of fashion. Payless are now making the store more open, light, and airy. This strategy can attract more customers and this will result to more satisfying consumer experience built around style and design rather than price. By implementing the new strategy, Payless has to face a risk if they fail how to handle the situation. In order to democratize fashion, Payless spend a lot of money to launch the new store formats. They also re-designed their logo. Payless have to face a risk which is to make sure that the new image they bring should capture their customers attention whether they are old or new customers. If they fail to do so, they will lose their customers. Payless also hired top designers as full-time employees to head the new team and they also began running full-page ads in magazine such as Elle, Vogue and W, featuring the tagline, Look Again. This efforts cost a lot of money The designers get tremendous exposure, a large customer base, and the power and budget of a mass retailer. When the designers design the new shoes, their previous followers are failed to follow their designers new design. And this will cause the designers hard to get the new followers. Another risk for the designer is that they will lose their Job if Payless cannot survive in this field. As they are becoming the full-time employees at Payless, they are being tied with Payless contract and it is hard for them to find another opportunity to show their talent. By comparing the benefits and risks, Payless stand to lose the most. If the new strategy that they are implementing is set to fail, Payless will face big problems in terms of financial problems and their reputation will go down. Their old customers will lose their confidence to this company and Payless will face bankruptcy. Consider the scale on which Payless operates. How much of a price increase does Payless need to achieve in order to make this venture worthwhile? Price changes should depend on several factors: company expenses, competitors and cost inflation. To make the stores more open, light, and airy, Payless had to spent a lot of money to launch the new Fashion Lab and Hot Zone store formats. It also recruited a few top designers from New York as full-time employees. Besides that, Payless also regularly advertises on television, radio, on-line and magazines. All of these attribute to higher cost for the company. Thus, Payless needs to increase the price to cover the expenses. Secondly, Payless should adjust the price based upon prices of the similar competitor products. It must first consider the price range of their products, then set its own products at a lower price. This is not only helping to attract more customers, but also helps to remain its low pricing policy. but also helps to remain its low pricing policy. In addition, Payless can provide discount during season clearance. Some of the products can be set at a lower price and sometimes even below cost to act as a loss leader to stimulate other profitable ales. Voucher and mystery gift can be given off to the customers who purchased more than a specific amount. This will increase the sales of the products. Payless can also come out with a series of limited edition products which are slightly higher in price in order to gain more profits. At the end, cost inflation. In the recent years, the increase. Because of this, Payless have to increase their price to protect the profit of the company. Payless can use consumers reference prices to set the price. For example, it can place its stores in some higher-end malls in the country. Many onsumers use price to Judge the quality. They usually perceive higher-priced products as having higher quality. Hence, they are willing to pay more. Vision Style is no longer measured by a price tag or designer label. Now, fashion forever stepped off the runway and into the street. More and more, its coming from Payless, with fun fashion footwear and accessories at surprisingly affordable prices. Its a stylish liberation of sorts. Their vision is to democratize fashion and design in footwear and accessories for the world. How exactly are they doing that? By sending their buyers and other merchandise ssociates to fashion centers in Europe to uncover the latest trends. They then work to interpret those trends and give them their very own signature style. While they clearly are paying a lot of attention to their shoes and accessories, their true focus is on their customers. Their mission is to become the first choice for style and value in footwear and accessories for their target customers. They understand their customers and share their passion for fashion. Thats why they are committed to having the latest styles at a value that allows everyone to make a stylish statement. Conclusion Payless ShoeSource is the largest specialty family footwear retailer in the Western Hemisphere. Targeting budgetminded families, Payless was serving up more than 1 50 million pairs of shoes each year, approximately one in every ten pairs of shoes purchased in America. As of the end of second quarter 2012, Payless operated 4,107 stores throughout the Americas and an online store (www. payless. com) and also has approximately 174 franchised stores located in the Middle East, Asia and Eastern Europe in such countries as Russia, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates and Malaysia, among others.

Analysis of Whole Foods Markets inputs

Whole Foods Market has been successful in the market despite the competitiveness in this industry. This can be attributed to the strategies that this firm has employed in its operations. This firm has been keen on delivering quality products to its patients at competitive prices. Whole Foods Market has positioned itself as a supermarket that provides healthy products that do not have any health consequences to the consumers.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Analysis of Whole Foods Market’s inputs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Kratschmer (2011), the current consumer is very sensitive to issues relating to what they eat, especially due to the constant advice they get from health experts about consequences of some type of food. However, it is important to note that it is not only this firm that has been keen on positioning its products as being health conscious. This means that to this ext ent, there are a number of firms that benefit from this market proposition. Once a strategy is used by numerous firms in the market, the strategy ceases to offer a competitive advantage. For this matter, Whole Foods Market must find a way of gaining a competitive advantage in the market. It must find a way of delivering value to the customers in a superior manner than other competitors in the market. To achieve this, this firm has been keen on delivering new products to the market, or new strategies in delivering products. The management has been keen to ensure that the firm changes with the changing environmental factors. One of the Porter’s five forces is the intensity of competitive rivalry in the market. In this industry, the competitive rivalry is very stiff. There are numerous other firms in this industry, and the management of Whole Foods Market knows this. The management knows that in order to beat this competition, it must be unique. It must provide the market with p roducts that offer superior value to the customers. This firm has been keen on improving the value of their products in various ways. One such way has been to design package that is positively unique. The firm has also been using other strategies such as customer service that is unique to this firm. The organizational culture of this firm has encouraged courtesy with customers all the time. With their policy of ‘the customer is always right’, this firm has continued to offer their customers a service delivery that is considered superior to that of other firms in the market. According to Kratschmer (2011), congruency within a firm is one factor that would determine how successful a firm can be in the market. There are firms which have failed in the market not because of poor management, but lack of congruency in its factors of production and organizational culture. As Coulter (2009) says, for a firm to be successful, it must be able to do what is considered right, in the right manner, in the right place, with the right people and at the right time.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When any of these factors is wrong, then the whole outcome will be wrong. The management of Whole Foods Market has been committed to finding a strategy that would deliver quality output in the manner that is desired. In order to achieve this, the firm understands the importance of having inputs that would enable it work within the expected standards. These inputs can be categorized into environment, resources, and history. In terms of the environment, this firm has had a massive input. This firm was voted one of the best companies in the United States for its efforts in fighting environmental degradation. The management has not only been concerned with delivering healthy products to the consumers, but It has also been directly involved in activities geared tow ards environmental conservation within the United States. This has helped it build a strong name as a firm which is not only focused on generating profits, but also in protection of the environment and the public in general. Among its resources, the firm has been focused on committing some of its financial resources in fighting environmental degradation. This firm has also been forced to incur increased costs of production in its quest to deliver organic products which are generally considered as healthy. The management has also promised to label any genetically modified foods when it is necessary to stock these products. Another resource that this firm has used in the market to generate a competitive advantage is its workforce. The employees of this firm have embraced the organizational culture that the management has created. They are always dedicated to their work, and are always ready to render customers visiting their premise a higher value for their purchase in terms of the se rvices offered during and after the purchase. The firm has also developed a rich history which is turning out to be a resource. Not only is this firm known as a champion in fighting environmental degradation, but also in offering products that are healthy to its consumers. As was mentioned previously, it is important to maintain congruency between factors of production, and the strategy that a firm employs in the market. Coulter (2009) says that it is upon achieving this congruency that a firm can consider itself capable of operating successfully in the current competitive market. The organizational culture must be in line with the objectives that the firm wishes to achieve. Coulter (2009) notes that a firm with highly qualified employees, enough resources to run its projects, but with misplaced strategies and organizational culture will rarely achieve its goals. This can be attributed to the fact that good employees will be influenced by the poor organizational culture. Human is a social being that easily learns and acts as per what he or she is exposed to within the immediate environment.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Analysis of Whole Foods Market’s inputs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that when the culture they are exposed to encourages laziness, they will always ignore their duties without fear of any serious consequences. Similarly, having the right policy with the needed resources, but without the right workforce will make it impossible to achieve its goals. At Whole Foods Market, it would be true to state that there is high congruence in these factors of production and the strategy of the firm. This congruency has been achieved in various ways. As was mentioned in the introductory part, the strategy of this firm has been, to be dynamic in their products offering in the market as a way of attaining a competitive edge over its competitors in the market. Th e first step that this firm has taken to ensure congruency in this firm is to hire the right workforce which understands the dynamic forces in the market and the importance to change with the changing environmental factors. The management has ensured that its workforce has the right qualification for the tasks ahead. The human resource management has been tasked with the duty of hiring employees who understand the emerging market forces. This makes it easy for this team to change with the changing environmental factors. The management has also emphasized on the need for the employees to be sensitive on issues regarding environmental protection. According to Daft (2009), for a firm to be seen to protect its environment, its employees must work in a manner to show that they are concerned with the environment. They are the ambassadors of the firm, and therefore, its true reflection to the public. For this reason, the management has created a culture of environmental conservation among its employees. A visit to any of the premises of this firm clearly demonstrates that this firm is serious when it comes to issues involving the environment. It was stated that one of the input of this firm has been on protection of the environment through such activities such as corporate social responsibility. As Nadler and Tushman (1980) say, it may not be enough for a firm to support environmental groups either through donations or moral support. At times it might be necessary for a firm to have its presence felt fully in this fight. This presence will be a confirmation that the firm is determined to protect the environment using all its resources. However, such ventures are always involving. The management will be forced to invest heavily in such project. The firm will need to invest its time, human resource, and financial resources in order to achieve the desired result. This approach is also very demanding because success of the firm in the project will determine how the firm is viewed in the market.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A careful analysis of Whole Foods Market shows that this firm has invested these inputs into such projects with massive success. This has acted as a way of promoting its products in the market. This is in line with the strategy of the firm in increasing its publicity. The corporate social responsibility has enabled the firm to reach its customers directly. This makes it possible to develop personal ties with the customers (Gregory et al, 2007). The customers would like to identify with the firm due to the positive public image it shall create. These projects have also reduced the expenditure of this firm on advertisement and other promotional costs. The reason for this is that the firm is always covered by the media station during such events without the need to pay the media station. The firm becomes a newsmaker in a positive way, and this increases its publicity in the market. This explains why this firm has been successful in the market. The management has been keen on aligning o ther inputs with its strategy to ensure that it maintains its success in the market. To ensure that it maintains its dynamism in the market, the firm has been keen on adopting the emerging technologies in its operation process. This has enabled the firm to change whenever environmental forces demands for this change. It is apparent that this firm has aligned its strategies with the type of workforce it has, the organizational culture it employs, and other inputs it uses in its operations to achieve its current success. References Coulter, M. (2009). Strategic Management in Action. New York: Pearson Higher Education. Daft, R. (2009). Organization Theory and Design. New York: Cengage Learning. Gregory, B. T., Armenakis, A. A., Moates, K., Albritton, M., Harris, S. G. (2007). Achieving Scientific Rigor in Organizational Diagnosis: An Application of the Diagnostic Funnel. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice Research, 59(2), 79-90. Kratschmer, P. (2011). Organizational Culture is H ighly Resistant to Change. New York: GRIN Verlag. Nadler, D. A. Tushman, M. L. (1980). A Model for Diagnosing Organizational Behavior. Organizational Dynamics, 9 (2), 35-51. This case study on Analysis of Whole Foods Market’s inputs was written and submitted by user Cristopher Butler to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

5 Parallelism Problems in In-Line Lists

5 Parallelism Problems in In-Line Lists 5 Parallelism Problems in In-Line Lists 5 Parallelism Problems in In-Line Lists By Mark Nichol Constructing an in-line list a series of items in a sentence seems like a straightforward task, but writers frequently err in their attempts to produce parallel structure. The following sentences illustrate some of the pitfalls of parallel construction and how to fix them. 1. â€Å"You can pay using your bank account, debit, or credit cards.† This list refers to two types of financial resources: a bank account and a card (two types of which are mentioned). The sentence structure mistakenly suggests that the list consists of three elements, rather than two (â€Å"your bank account† and â€Å"a debit or credit card†), one of which is a compound item one consisting of two or more nouns or noun phrases. The following revision reflects the correct organization: â€Å"You can pay using your bank account or a debit or credit card.† 2. â€Å"Her writing was accurate, complete, and demonstrated attention to detail.† Of the three items in this list, two are accompanied by verbs, but the writer has erroneously assumed that complete can share the verb that precedes accurate. It can do so, but only if accurate and complete are linked with a conjunction rather than separated by a comma: â€Å"Her writing was accurate and complete and demonstrated attention to detail.† 3. â€Å"It’s free, secure, and takes no time at all.† This sentence suffers from the same slight but clumsy error as the one in the preceding example. It can be solved in the same way (â€Å"It’s free and secure, and it takes no time at all†) a comma is required before the conjunction in this case because the pronoun’s presence makes the second clause an independent one. Alternatively, each item in the list can be assigned its own pronoun: â€Å"It’s free, it’s secure, and it takes no time at all.† 4. â€Å"The pension system divested in firms doing business with apartheid-era South Africa, avoided oil and energy investments in Iran, and it dropped tobacco companies from its portfolio in 2008.† Here, too, the problem is of inconsistency of structure, but because the subject is a noun and the sentence is more complex, the simple error might not be apparent. Basically, each segment of the sentence needs a subject noun or a pronoun as if it were a distinct sentence, or, better, all segments must share the subject: â€Å"The pension system divested in firms doing business with apartheid-era South Africa, avoided oil and energy investments in Iran, and dropped tobacco companies from its portfolio in 2008.† (Alternatively, the comma following Africa could be replaced by and, but the lengthy sentence is better served by a rest-stop comma rather than another move-along conjunction.) 5. â€Å"There’s the Coke bottle and the old glove and sailboats gliding along the bay.† This sentence (referring to iconic features at a baseball stadium) almost works in its relaxed state, unhindered by internal punctuation. But the lack of a comma suggests that all three things glide along the bay. A comma after â€Å"old glove† will catch that noun phrase and the preceding one, reserving the gliding action for the sailboats alone: â€Å"There’s the Coke bottle and the old glove, and sailboats gliding along the bay.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Math or Maths?Excited ABOUT, not "for" How Do You Determine Whether to Use Who or Whom?

Application of the Principles of Interpersonal Communication to a Essay

Application of the Principles of Interpersonal Communication to a Communication Scenario - Essay Example In this way of communication people depend on each other for the purpose of constructing and negotiating a clear picture of social reality (Wood, 2009, p. 9). This paper is aimed at making a clear picture of an application of the principles of interpersonal communication to a communication scenario in my life. 1. The change: The most important change that I would like to make in myself or in my behavior or characteristics is that I would like to be more familiar with people while having a conversation with them or interacting with them. In fact I would like to put more effort in building more concentration while talking to people, whether they are my family members or friends or my professional contacts. At present I do have a good interpersonal communication skill, but I would like to improve my skill even further as I have seen many flaws in myself when I communicate with people and I have also seen negative reactions from very few people regard to the fact that I have failed to un derstand the proper expression or feelings of what they were trying to express while talking to me (Hargie, 2011, p. 13). 2. Reason for the change: The reason that I need this kind of change in myself is that I believe that this change will give me enough opportunity to know other people while talking to them, to better understand what they think about myself (hence, if they feel bad about me, so that I can make necessary changes in my behaviors or characters for which they were actually feeling bad about me). This change will also help me to better represent myself in front of others and hence to express my true feelings, emotions through proper and truthful conversations. This change will also give me the kind of opportunity which people generally gather from successful conversations. The most important opportunities are good relations, such as friends and families, and knowledge regarding every aspect of society, economy, politics, sports and many more. This change will also give me enough opportunity to listen carefully to what people are saying at the time of talking to them and hence to understand a better approach of feelings, emotions and expressions of them (Hargie, 2011, p. 14). 3. Models and what others do: I have so many people around me whom I think as my models regarding the change that I would like to make in my conversation skill. First of all I would like to mention my father who listens to people very carefully while talking to them and express positive feedbacks to them. My best friend Peter also possesses effective skills of interpersonal communication. He is not only a good listener but also a very good communicator and always tries to engage in debates and arguments while talking to people. This quality makes others feel that he is properly reacting to what they are saying. My senior colleague in office, Mr. Beck, is also my model. He listens very carefully what others are saying and replies only after others finish expressing their entir e feelings. This makes the conversation more effective through revelation of complete feelings and emotions (Hargie, 2011, p. 21). 4. Required context or setting: In respect to the change that I am expecting to bring in my behavior while talking to people requires few settings and contextual facts. As I have already mentioned that in the context of the change my foremost inspiration is my father, therefore I would like to talk to

Choose an invention.describe and evaluate the effects it has had on a Essay

Choose an invention.describe and evaluate the effects it has had on a particular area of human life - Essay Example Computers have indeed done much to better the way people happen to do things. In that respect, it is really heartening to acknowledge that healthcare is an aspect of human life that has been totally revolutionized by the advent of computers, and computers have actually totally transformed the modern healthcare.1 It is a fact that in the area of healthcare, health records of patients do play a very important role. In that context, computers have totally redefined the record keeping in the field of healthcare.2 Health records of patients are not only vital for management of maladies of individual patients, but they are also important to predict larger societal healthcare trends. Before the invention of computers the record keeping in healthcare happened to be manual. It was not only very tedious to register and maintain the records of thousands of patients, but it was also utterly difficult to retrieve the health records of individual patients when required. However, with the invention of computers, things have totally changed. Computers have digitalized the recording and filing of patient records, thereby making it much more efficient, practical and faster. Computer generated and stored patient records not only happen to be more lasting and reliable, but it is much easier to retrieve the rec ords of specific patients. In fact with the computer assisted record keeping, it takes only a second to retrieve the health records of any patient. The computer assisted record keeping also assures that in the event of any man made or natural calamity, the health records of patients remain safe and secure at the offsite data storage locations. The other way in which the computers have positively influenced healthcare is by empowering the patients and by extending the reach of healthcare. In the earlier times even the most basic healthcare information was not easily available. However, with the advent of computers in the area of healthcare, computers have become a readily

The Discovery Essay Example for Free

The Discovery Essay ‘The Discovery’, by J. C Squire describes a historical event: Christopher Columbus’s ‘discovery’ of the New World on his 1942 expedition across the Atlantic Ocean which initiated the process of Spanish colonisation. The poem has gone by several names including ‘The Caravels, ‘Sonnet’ and ‘There was an Indian’. John Collings Squire (J. C Squire) (1884-1958) was a British poet, writer, historian, influential literary critic and editor of the post WW1 period. He was also a leading poet of the Georgian period. The poem is a simple sonnet; made up of two quatrains and a sestet. The rhyme scheme is abab, cdcd, efegfg. The rhyme creates a steady, forward-moving motion similar to the movement of the waves and the inevitability of the oncoming Spanish vessels reaching the shore. The poet uses simple language and imagery which mirror the uncomplicated life of the Indian from whose perspective this historical event is retold. The discovery of the New World is often related from the perspective of the Spanish colonisers of the 15th and 16th centuries. Squire also reminds us that this was a two-fold discovery as the indigenous Americans discovered a new world of their own. The phrase, ‘an Indian’, in the first stanza lends a sense of anonymity to the identity of the Indian who witnesses the arrival of Columbus. The indefinite article (an) allows us to believe that this Indian represents all Native Americans. The opening line is reminiscent of a folktale. This style suggests a mythologizing of this historical event, infusing it with an element of magic. One might also believe it to be an example of the oral tradition of legends told among Native Americans. Like other Indians, the Indian in the poem ‘had known no change’. His life consisted of gathering shells; a simple way of life that belonged to an old civilisation for which this discovery was sure to be a shock. The alliteration of ‘s/sh’ in the line ‘†¦ along a sunlit beach. Gathering shells’ depicts the calm, serene and uninterrupted life of the natives. He ‘strayed content’ almost aimlessly, along a ‘sunlit beach’, in no rush to go about his simple life. The presence of dawn symbolises the dawn of a new era in the life of the Indian. We are reminded that historical records show that the event occurred at dawn. Light also symbolises knowledge and discovery for both the Spanish and the Indians. The caesura in the third line ‘He heard a sudden, strange commingled noise’ effectively draws our attention to the abrupt change in this tranquil picture. The caesura evokes a sense of confusion in the atmosphere which was once silent but is now filled with an unfamiliar noise. This is created through the use of alliteration and hard consonants. The Indian’s reaction in the last line of the first stanza ‘looked up: and gasped for speech’ indicates how amazed and speechless he was. The caesura in line four ‘Commingled noise: looked up; and gasped for speech’, also denotes the abrupt actions and reactions of the Indian man. The second stanza is linked to the first stanza by means of a further explanation for the sudden change in the first quatrain. The poet evokes the Indian’s tone of amazement and wonder at the appearance of the ‘huge canoes’ that appear ‘by magic’. The idea of magic evokes a contrast between the two civilisations; the superstitious, tribal beliefs of the natives versus the more advanced scientific beliefs of the Spanish. The poet also evokes the serene, tranquil and undefiled setting and one of confusion which is emphasised by the impressive image of these unnatural and unfamiliar sea vessels on the water. The Indian is unfamiliar with these large ships. In fact, he can only describe them in terms of what he already knows, for eg. ‘huge canoes’ and ‘not one oar’. The Indian’s tone of awe is audible even though the poet does not give him a voice. Perhaps, this is to further emphasise the domination and oppression of the Spanish colonisation of the Native Americans stamping out their voice, culture and traditions. The images used in the stanza are simple yet vivid as can be seen through the image of the ‘Bellying cloths’ and ‘Fluttering coloured signs. The second quatrain is stylistically interesting because the poet is conscious of the different perspectives: that of the Indian man who tries to describe these unfamiliar objects by adapting them to those he is familiar with, and that of the reader who has a knowledge of history and immediately recognises the Indian’s attempt to describe the billowing sails, fluttering flags and ‘clambering crews’. The alliteration of the letter ‘k’ sound in the last line of the second stanza ‘And fluttering coloured signs and clambering crews’, reminds us of the confusion and cacophony created by the sailors as they prepare to land. The third stanza, the ‘sestet’, begins with the conjunction ‘And’, linking it to the previous stanzas. There is now a Volta as the focus shifts to the Indian’s reaction to the caravels. There is an even greater use of caesura which creates an abrupt and staccato rhythm which might reflect the fear that has overcome the Indian, maybe his accelerated heartbeat too. The Volta between the second and third stanzas is also evident in the rhyme scheme which suggests the inevitable, impending conclusion to this sighting as the caravels ‘Slant to the shore, and all their seamen land’. The final stanza draws a clear contrast between the native, who is ‘naked’ and ‘alone’ and the numerous sailors disembarking ‘Columbus’ doom-burdened caravels’. The Indian’s nakedness suggests his primitive lifestyle and his defencelessness. The Indian reacts ‘in fear’ and drops his shells. This symbolises the fall of the native civilisation; his face turns white and he also kneels behind a stone. He stares at this monstrous sight and ‘did not understand’ the full impact of what was unfolding before his eyes. The poet’s intention is to make the contrast between the Spanish and the Indian evidently clear and simple to the reader, in order to draw our attention to the other side of the story which is rarely told in history books. This is emphasised by the choice of perspective for the poem. The image of ‘Columbus’ doom-burdened caravels’ is a powerful one, suggesting a grimly mocking or cynical tone because these caravels symbolise the beginning of the corruption of old civilisations. The final image of the sailors landing on shore is ominous, adding to the heaviness that weighs upon the reader’s knowledge of what will inevitably follow. The poem ends abruptly as the poet does not need to tell us anything else due to the readers’ knowledge of what happens next which has been documented in the history books.

Compare the presentation of the Duke and Porphyrias lover in My Last E

Compare the presentation of the Duke and Porphyria's lover in My Last Duchess and Porphyria's lover Browning has presented The Duke and Porphyria's lover as obsessive and controlling in the two poems. Telling the stories from the characters point of view makes it clear that they both feel threatened by their partners, and wish to regain the lead role they should have as the men in their relationships. Rather than confronting their significant others, they kill them because of their obsessive nature and lack of communication. The Duke on one hand feels that he can only possess the Duchess in a painting because he can control who looks upon her, where as Porphyria's lover wants to capture Porphyria when he finally feels in control. The characters of both the Duke and Porphyria's lover are noticeable through the relationships they have with their partners. It is clear that they both have very similar intents, although for different reasons. They are portrayed as jealous and untrusting of their partners because of obvious insecurities they have in their relationships. The Duke suspected that The Duchess was having an affair with "Fra Pandalf": " 't'was not/Her husband's presence only, called that spot of joy into the Duchess' cheek' " This implies that the Duchess blushed for others and therefore was adulterous. He also suggests his wife gave sexual favours in return to politeness when he says; "She thanked men - good!". Instead of being concerned about losing her he was only worried that she would make a fool of him and hurt his pride, as their relationship was not based on love or passion but was merely a way for the Duke to show off. The Duke only saw his wife as and object and not as a person a... ...shows he has little in his life accept Porphyria. The Duke has many objects and pieces his art, showing his love for things not people. It also reminds us of the Renaissance setting and shows that his is wealthy. Comparing the two poems shows that Browning has a very pessimistic view of relationships. It seems he feels that relationships without love and admiration can never work and will end in disaster as is apparent from "My Last Duchess". Ironically he also feels that a relationship with love cannot be sustained either, which is evident from "Porphyria's Lover". In "My Last Duchess" she dies because she did not give the Duke the admiration he desired, but when in "Porphyria's lover" Porphyria made her love for her lover clear, he kills her anyway. This perhaps shows the aggressive nature of men and how at the time they were very dominant in society.

A Comparison of Creation Myths from Genesis and Greece

The words myths and legends tend to be used interchangeably, but usually myths have a religious purpose whereas legends are the stories of heroes. Creation myths   have commonalities, because they are all seeking to explain the same things.It is part of human nature to wonder about the unknown and to seek answers. At the foundation of almost every culture is a story that explains how the earth, its creatures and its people came to be.These myths may be dismissed by some modern thinkers, yet continue to have huge influence as a frame of reference. In the case of Judaism and Greek mythology both emerge from the Eastern Mediterranean region, so although there are lots of differences, these are people not so far removed from each other geographically and there would have been some trading links at least and so it is likely that each group would have had some knowledge of the stories of the other.Myths are stories created by a group of people in order to explain some of the great questi ons in life such as ‘Where did man come from and from where did he gain knowledge?’ They originate in oral tradition as people discussed such matters and it would have been many generations before they were committed to script in some form.This goes some way to explain why there may on occasions be slightly different versions extant, as in Genesis 1 and 2 where there are two version of the creation. They are both included because at the time when the canon of Jewish scripture was finally fixed in the early years of the Christian era, beginning in about 90 C.E.[1] both stories had been in circulation for so many years and both were felt to contain something of value.Although myths may have internal chronology i.e. this happened first and then that, but there is no link with modern times.The book of Genesis differs on this point from the general rule in that after the story of the first family, Adam Eve and their sons,   in Genesis 4 and 5 there is a list of the generat ions between Adam and Noah, considered by the Jews to be an historical figure and after the story of Noah, in chapter 9 there are further lists , partly to explain the origins of the various nations of the earth , and in part to provide a link to the story of Abram ( later Abraham), considered to be the founder of the Jewish race.So the stories in Genesis are more particular than the generalised creation myths of the Greeks, which do not mention the founding of the Greek race.There is no such definitive collection of Greek myths, probably because the ancient Greek religion totally disappeared early in the first millennium C.E.[1] What are the Deuterocanonical book s of the Bible? Available from http://www.bluffton.edu/~bergerd/deutero.html accessed 1st December 2008

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